Essential Oils and Neoplasms: Experimental Evidence and Perspectives in Chemoprophylaxis and Integrative Chemotherapy

Authors

  • Nathanaela Honório Paulino Batista Santos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.17695/rcsne.vol24.n1.p108-119

Keywords:

Essential oils, Oncology, Nursing care

Abstract

Neoplasms represent a major public health problem, with an increasing impact on morbidity and mortality, including in Brazilian regions such as the Northeast. In this context, complementary therapeutic strategies have been investigated in order to enhance the effectiveness of conventional treatments and reduce their adverse effects. Essential oils, natural compounds rich in bioactive volatile metabolites, have attracted growing scientific interest due to their anticarcinogenic and anticancer potential. This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence regarding the role of essential oils and their main chemical constituents in chemoprophylaxis and integrative chemotherapy of neoplasms. This is a narrative integrative review based on in vitro experimental studies, in vivo animal models, and clinical data that investigated the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the antineoplastic activity of these compounds. The findings indicate that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, such as citral, α-bisabolol, d-limonene, geraniol, β-elemene, diallyl trisulfide, and perillyl alcohol, are capable of inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, modulating tumor signaling pathways, interfering with angiogenesis, and potentiating the action of conventional chemotherapeutic agents. In addition, selective cytotoxicity was observed in experimental models, with reduced impact on normal cells, representing a relevant advantage compared to traditional cytotoxic therapies. Despite these promising results, the available evidence is predominantly derived from preclinical studies, highlighting the need for controlled clinical trials to support the applicability of these compounds in clinical practice. It is concluded that essential oils present potential as complementary agents in integrative oncology, and their use should be cautious and supported by robust scientific evidence.

Keywords: Essential oils. Neoplasms. Integrative chemotherapy. Integrative and complementary practices. Oncology.

Published

2026-09-10

How to Cite

Honório Paulino Batista Santos, N. . (2026). Essential Oils and Neoplasms: Experimental Evidence and Perspectives in Chemoprophylaxis and Integrative Chemotherapy. Revista De Ciências Da Saúde Nova Esperança, 24(1), 108–119. https://doi.org/10.17695/rcsne.vol24.n1.p108-119